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Special issue on “Green chemical process and intensification”

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第11期页码 1533-1535 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2263-y

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氧化还原氧化裂解石脑油制乙烯的过程模拟与分析 Article

Vasudev Pralhad Haribal,Yun Chen,Luke Neal,Fanxing Li

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第5期页码 714-721 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.08.001

摘要：

石脑油热裂解制乙烯（C₂H₄）是一种能源密集型工艺（每吨C₂H₄ 高达40 GJ 热量），会形成大量焦炭和氮氧化物（NO_x），而且每产生1 kg C₂H₄就有1.8~2 kg 的二氧化碳（CO₂）排放量。我们提出了石脑油氧化还原氧化裂解（redox oxy-cracking，ROC）的替代方法。在该两步法中，石脑油裂解产生的氢气（H₂）首先在氧化还原催化剂的作用下与其晶格氧选择性地燃烧。随后氧化还原催化剂被空气再次氧化并释放热量，以满足裂解反应对热量的需求。这个强化过程减少了附加能量的消耗以及CO₂ 和NO_x 的排放。此外，由于H₂ 的选择性燃烧，C₂H₄和丙烯（C₃H₆）的形成可以被增强。在本研究中，我们基于最近开发氧化还原催化剂的实验数据，使用ASPEN Plus® 模拟ROC工艺。与传统的石脑油裂解相比，ROC 工艺可将能耗和CO₂ 排放量降低52%。该工艺的上游部分少消耗约67% 的能量，同时每千克石脑油原料多产生28% 的C₂H₄ 和C₃H₆。

关键词：乙烯石脑油裂解过程强化化学循环过程模拟

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Interfacial induction and regulation for microscale crystallization process: a critical review

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 838-853 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2129-8

摘要： Microscale crystallization is at the frontier of chemical engineering, material science, and biochemical research and is affected by many factors. The precise regulation and control of microscale crystal processes is still a major challenge. In the heterogeneous induced nucleation process, the chemical and micro/nanostructural characteristics of the interface play a dominant role. Ideal crystal products can be obtained by modifying the interface characteristics, which has been proven to be a promising strategy. This review illustrates the application of interface properties, including chemical characteristics (hydrophobicity and functional groups) and the morphology of micro/nanostructures (rough structure and cavities, pore shape and pore size, surface porosity, channels), in various microscale crystallization controls and process intensification. Finally, possible future research and development directions are outlined to emphasize the importance of interfacial crystallization control and regulation for crystal engineering.

关键词： interfacial crystallization heterogeneous nucleation supersaturation micro/nanostructure process control and intensification

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膜结晶过程强化与控制研究进展 Review

姜晓滨, 邵钰珊, 盛磊, 李培钰, 贺高红

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第1期页码 50-62 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.06.024

摘要：

结晶是用于固体颗粒制备的基本分离技术，其中成核和生长过程的精确调控至关重要。目前，发展同时增强整个结晶过程的新型控制技术仍然面临巨大挑战。膜结晶（MCr）是一种新兴耦合技术，近年来取得了长足的进步，有望实现上述目标。本文综述了MCr的基本概念及其在结晶控制和过程强化中的应用前景，对MCr用的关键膜材料、过程控制机制以及基于多种混合膜和结晶工艺的优化策略进行简述。最后，概述了将MCr技术推广到工业应用的尝试，以及需要解决的问题和研究方向。

关键词：膜结晶成核过程控制过程强化

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气升式浆态床反应器的过程强化 Review

耿淑君, 毛在砂, 黄青山, 杨超

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第3期页码 304-325 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.03.002

摘要：

气升式浆态床反应器是一种重要的气-液-固多相反应器，包括鼓泡塔反应器和环流反应器。这些反应器具有剪切应力低、混合程度好、传质/传热能力强、成本低等优点，已被广泛应用于许多工业过程，尤其是生物发酵和能源化工领域。为了进一步提高浆态床反应器的性能（即混合和传质/传热性能）和满足工业应用要求（如温度控制、减少返混和产品分离等），浆态床反应器的过程强化至关重要。首先，本文回顾了这两种反应器在强化混合和传质/传热方面的最新研究进展。然后，总结了浆态床反应器在连续生产时混合与分离的过程强化方法，其中，由于具有高效率和低成本的优点，推荐采用将环流反应器内的定向流动与水力旋流器的简单固-液分离相结合的过程强化技术。接着，系统地讨论了浆态床反应器所面临的问题和挑战，包括流型判别、气体分布器设计、固体颗粒影响及其他问题。本文还介绍了应用计算流体力学对浆态床反应器进行数值模拟的研究进展，讨论了建模的难点。最后，对工业浆态床反应器的设计进行总结和展望。

关键词：浆态床反应器气升式搅拌鼓泡塔环流反应器过程强化固体颗粒

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Design and optimization of reactive distillation: a review

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 799-818 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2128-9

摘要： Reactive distillation process, a representative process intensification technology, has been widely applied in the chemical industry. However, due to the strong interaction between reaction and separation, the extension of reactive distillation technology is restricted by the difficulties in process analysis and design. To overcome this problem, the design and optimization of reactive distillation have been widely studied and illustrated for plenty of reactive mixtures over the past three decades. These design and optimization methods of the reactive distillation process are classified into three categories: graphical, optimization-based, and evolutionary/heuristic methods. The primary objective of this article is to provide an up-to-date review of the existing design and optimization methods. Desired and output information, advantages and limitations of each method are stated, the modification and development for original methodologies are also reviewed. Perspectives on future research on the design and optimization of reactive distillation method are proposed for further research.

关键词： reactive distillation process intensification design method reactive phase diagram optimization algorithm

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Sustainable intensification of agriculture is key to feeding Africa in the 21st century

Shenggen FAN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第4期页码 366-370 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020342

摘要：

Africa in facing numerous challenges in the 21st century in feeding its rapidly increasing population. Land resources have become limited due to urbanization and industrialization. The existing agricultural land has been degraded and soil fertility has declined due to unsustainable farming practices. Despite of progress made in the past several decades, hunger and malnutrition in Africa still hinder health, human development and economic growth, which will become even worse in the future if proper measures are not taken. Sustainable intensification is the only solution to tackling both environmental sustainability including climate change and malnutrition, i.e., to produce more foods in terms of nutrients human body needs with less natural resources and carbon emissions. To achieve this vision, innovations in technologies, policies and institutions are essential. The Chinese experience in Agricultural Green Development (AGD) can be shared with Africans when the region is pursuing its sustainable intensification strategy.

关键词： Africa sustainable intensification Agricultural Green Development climate change malnutrition

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Purification and concentration of gluconic acid from an integrated fermentation and membrane process

Parimal Pal, Ramesh Kumar, Subhamay Banerjee

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第1期页码 152-163 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1721-z

摘要： A response surface method was used to optimize the purification and concentration of gluconic acid from fermentation broth using an integrated membrane system. was used for the bioconversion of the glucose in sugarcane juice to gluconic acid (concentration 45 g?L ) with a yield of 0.9 g?g . The optimum operating conditions, such as trans-membrane pressure (TMP), pH, cross-flow rate (CFR) and initial gluconic acid concentration, were determined using response surface methodology. Five different types of polyamide nanofiltration membranes were screened and the best performing one was then used for downstream purification of gluconic acid in a flat sheet cross-flow membrane module. Under the optimum conditions (TMP= 12 bar and CFR= 400 L?h ), this membrane retained more than 85% of the unconverted glucose from the fermentation broth and had a gluconic acid permeation rate of 88% with a flux of 161 L?m ?h . Using response surface methods to optimize this green nanofiltration process is an effective way of controlling the production of gluconic acid so that an efficient separation with high flux is obtained.

关键词： gluconic acid optimized nanofiltration green processing process intensification

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The role of single deformed bubble on porous foam tray with submerged orifices on the mass transfer enhancement

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第12期页码 2127-2143 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2363-3

摘要： Foam trays with porous submerged orifices endow bubbles uniformly distributed, which are considered attractive column internals to enhance the gas-liquid mass transfer process. However, its irregular orifice and complex gas-liquid flow make it lack pore-scale investigations concerning the transfer mechanism of dynamic bubbling. In this work, the actual porous structure of the foam tray is obtained based on micro computed tomography technology. The shape, dynamic, and mass transfer of rising bubbles at porous orifices are investigated using the volume of fluid and continue surface force model. The results demonstrate that the liquid encroaching on the gas channels causes the increasing orifices velocity, which makes the trailing bubble easily detach from the midst of the leading bubble and causes pairing coalescence. Additionally, we found that the central breakup regimes significantly improve the gas-liquid interface area and mass transfer efficiency. This discovery exemplifies the mechanism of mass transfer intensification for foam trays and serves to promote its further development.

关键词： bubble formation porous submerged orifices process intensification foam tray

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Recent advances in the catalytic pyrolysis of biomass

Changwei HU, Yu YANG, Jia LUO, Pan PAN, Dongmei TONG, Guiying LI

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第2期页码 188-193 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-1015-6

摘要： Biomass is considered as a renewable and alternative resource for the production of fuels and chemicals, since it is the only carbon and hydrogen containing resource that we can find in the world except for fossil resources, capable of being converted to hydrocarbons. The pyrolytic liquefaction of biomass is a promising way to convert biomass to useful products. This paper briefly surveys the present status of the direct catalytic pyrolysis for the liquefaction of biomass. The direct use of catalysts could decrease the pyrolysis temperature, increase the conversion of biomass and the yield of bio-oil, and change the distribution of the pyrolytic liquid products then improve the quality of the bio-oil obtained. The fact that biomass is in solid state present great challenges for its conversion and for the effective use of catalysts due to the bad heat transfer characteristics and bad mass transfer properties. These barriers appeal for the development of a new catalyst and new catalytic process as well as the integration of both. Process design and process intensification are of significant importance in the catalytic conversion of biomass.

关键词： biomass liquefaction catalysis bio-oil process intensification

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Sustainable intensification of African agriculture: a necessity, but not yet a reality

Bruno GÉRARD

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第4期页码 383-389 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020361

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Multiphase surfactant-assisted reaction-separation system in a microchannel reactor

Salah ALJBOUR, Tomohiko TAGAWA, Mohammad MATOUQ, Hiroshi YAMADA

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 33-38 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0108-6

摘要： The Lewis acid-catalyzed addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to -chlorobenzaldehyde in a microchannel reactor was investigated. The microchannel was integrated to promote both reaction and separation of the biphase system. FeF and Cu(triflate) were used as water-stable Lewis acid catalysts. Sodium dodecyl sulfate was incorporated in the organic-aqueous system to enhance the reactivity and to manipulate the multiphase flow inside the microchannel. It was found that the dynamics and the kinetics of the multiphase reaction were affected by the new micellar system. Parallel multiphase flow inside the microchannel was obtained, allowing for continuous and acceptable phase separation. Enhanced selectivity was achieved by operating at lower conversion values.

关键词： Lewis acid catalysis multiphase reactions process intensification microchannel reactor green engineering

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Improved film evaporator for mechanistic understanding of microwave-induced separation process

Xin Gao, Dandan Shu, Xingang Li, Hong Li

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 759-771 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1816-1

摘要： Microwave-induced film evaporation separation process has been reported recently to separate the polar/nonpolar mixture. However, the efficiency of the separation is still too low for practical applications, which requires further enhancement via different strategies such as optimization design of evaporator structure. In addition the depth understanding of the separation mechanisms is great importance for better utilization of the microwave-induced separation process. To carry out these investigations, a novel microwave-induced falling film evaporation instrument was developed in this paper. The improvement of the enhancement effect of microwave-induced separation was observed based on the improved film evaporator. The systematic experiments on microwave-induced separation with different binary azeotropic mixtures (ethanol-ethyl acetate system and dimethyl carbonate (DMC)-H O system) were conducted based on the new evaporator. For the ethanol-ethyl acetate system, microwave irradiation shift the direction of evaporation separation at higher ethanol content in the starting liquid mixture. Moreover, for DMC-H O system microwave-induced separation process broke through the limitations of the traditional distillation process. The results clearly demonstrated the microwave-induced evaporation separation process could be commendably applied to the separation of binary azeotrope with different dielectric properties. Effects of operating parameters are also investigated to trigger further mechanism understanding on the microwave-induced separation process.

关键词： process intensification microwave falling film evaporation separation azeotrope

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过程强化装置中双偏心转子的运动分析

朱瑞林,朱国林

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第10期页码 90-96

摘要：

当偏心转子绕定轴旋转时，实际上只有其几何圆心作简谐振动（正/余弦运动），某些情况下由转子驱动的构件（如活塞）并不能作同样的简谐振动，因此在一些过程设备上应用双偏心转子时，会引起一些相关问题，如压力变化问题。为此，在分析一种过程强化装置中所采用的双偏心转子的运动规律的基础上，发现了由于偏心转子所驱动的两活塞的运动不完全对称，可能引起设备内介质压力变化的原因，并提出了相应的解决措施。

关键词：转子活塞简谐振动

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Towards the sustainable intensification of agriculture—a systems approach to policy formulation

Leslie G. FIRBANK

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第1期页码 81-89 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019291

摘要：

The sustainable intensification of agriculture involves providing sufficient food and other ecosystem services without going beyond the limits of the earth’s system. Here a project management approach is suggested to help guide agricultural policy to deliver these objectives. The first step is to agree measurable outcomes, integrating formal policy goals with the often much less formal and much more diverse goals of individual farmers. The second step is to assess current performance. Ideally, this will involve the use of farm-scale metrics that can feed into process models that address social and environmental domains as well as production issues that can be benchmarked and upscaled to landscape and country. Some policy goals can be delivered by supporting ad hoc interventions, while others require the redesign of the farming system. A pipeline of research, knowledge and capacity building is needed to ensure the continuous increase in farm performance. System models can help prioritise policy interventions. Formal optimization of land use is only appropriate if the policy goals are clear, and the constraints understood. In practice, the best approach may depend on the scale of action that is required, and on the amount of resource and infrastructure available to generate, implement and manage policy.

关键词： agricultural policy ecosystem services indicators of sustainable intensification knowledge exchange land use optimization